This book offers a comprehensive perspective of population and human development dynamics in districts, the lowest tier of population and development administration system, in India. It addresses long-standing gaps in the availability of data at the local level by examining inter-district disparities in population growth and prospects, fertility, longevity, and human development. It explores key themes such as population estimates and forecasts, population stabilization, variation in human development, and the relationship between fertility and human development. With a strong focus on supporting evidence-based planning and monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this book serves as a vital resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and administrators in demography, development studies, and public policy. By providing district-level insights, this book empowers local governance and strengthens the foundation for inclusive, data-driven development strategies across India.