This edited volume examines how historical mathematical experiments can enrich mathematics education for children aged 9 to 12. It presents nine chapters across three domains: numbers and calculation, magnitude and measurement, and space and geometry. Each chapter follows a consistent structure, beginning with historical context and followed by classroom activities conducted in French schools. Analyses include pupils’ work and didactic insights into how history of mathematics supports conceptual understanding. The book offers bibliographies for further reading and is ideal for mathematics educators, teacher trainers, researchers in mathematics education, historians of mathematics, and mathematicians interested in educational practice.