Modern Government (originally published in 1936) is a critique of the rapid expansion of state intervention and bureaucracy in Britain during the interwar period. The early 20th century was a crucial period in the making of the modern British state, when its fundamental contours were moulded by conflict and great-power competition. Known for his strong laissez-faire views, the author argues that the growing involvement of the state in economic and social affairs is harmful to individual liberty and national prosperity. The key themes the book addresses are: Anti-Bureaucracy: Benn presents the government as a "busybody in other men's matters," arguing that state officials lack the expertise and incentive to manage industry or social matters efficiently; Defense of Capitalism: Written after his transition from a believer in state intervention to a staunch supporter of free markets, the book argues that private enterprise is superior to state planning; The Cost of "Progress": Benn highlights the financial and social costs of an expanding bureaucracy, warning against the long-term dangers of political control over the economy.