This sweeping study traces Greek attitudes toward women from Homer to Aristotle, arguing that misogyny became deeply rooted in Greek and then Roman literature, even as a smaller but persistent countertradition defended women's dignity. It opens by linking the decline of Greek civilization to the low status of women and slaves, contrasting harsher Athenian and Ionian norms with freer societies such as Sparta, and extending the argument into Roman writing before a later romantic revival of sympathy for women. The literary survey begins with Homer, whose epics preserve an older, more respectful view: in the Odyssey, Penelope, Nausicaa, Athena, Circe, and Calypso are active, intelligent forces, while the Iliad offers a mixed picture of war's brutality and human tenderness in figures like Briseis, Andromache, and Hector's mourners. The book then shows how Ionian culture, luxury, and Eastern influence helped recast women as property and justify male-centered myths, while later additions to the Iliad and Hesiod's Pandora myth hardened female stereotypes into comic, sexualized, and punitive forms. Against this tradition, Euripides emerges as the great dissenting voice, portraying women with psychological depth and moral seriousness and exposing the suffering, injustice, and destructive politics that shape their lives. This edition has been fully restored with modern typesetting, custom cover design.