Erik the Red (Eiríkr Þorvaldsson, c. 950–c. 1003) is the Viking explorer who founded the first lasting European settlement in Greenland.

Born in Rogaland, Norway, he moved to Iceland as a child after his father was outlawed for killings. Erik himself was later banished from Iceland for three years around 982 after a violent feud. During that exile he sailed west, explored the southern and western coasts of the large ice-covered island, and spent winters there mapping fjords and finding the few habitable pockets of land.

When his sentence ended he returned to Iceland and recruited settlers. He named the place Grœnland (“Greenland”) because, as the sagas put it, people would be more willing to go there if it had an attractive name. In 985 or 986 a fleet of about 25 ships left Iceland; only 14 reached Greenland. The survivors founded two main colonies: the Eastern Settlement (around present-day Qaqortoq / Narsarsuaq) and the smaller Western Settlement farther north. Erik took the best land at Brattahlíð in Eiriksfjord and became the colony’s leading chieftain.

His son Leif Erikson later sailed farther west and reached Vinland (Newfoundland). Erik himself remained in Greenland, where he died around 1003, possibly during an epidemic. The Norse colony he started lasted roughly 400–500 years before it disappeared in the 15th century—one of the great unsolved mysteries of the medieval North Atlantic.

A book titled The Life and Legacy of the Viking Explorer Who Settled Greenland would typically cover:

His turbulent early life and repeated outlawry

The three-year reconnaissance voyage

The 985/986 colonization fleet and the founding of the two settlements

Daily life, farming, walrus-ivory trade, and the later conversion to Christianity

The voyages of his children (especially Leif) to North America

The eventual decline and vanishing of the Greenland Norse, and how later explorers, scholars, and nations have interpreted that story

The sagas (Eiríks saga rauða and Grœnlendinga sag