The Ancient World of the Bible by Angel Peña is a historical and educational exploration of the civilizations that surrounded and influenced the biblical world. Beginning with the origins of cities, agriculture, writing, kingship, temples, and early states, the book travels through Mesopotamia, Egypt, Canaan, Israel and Judah, Persia, the Hellenistic kingdoms, and Rome. It examines major civilizations and figures—including Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria, Egypt, Cyrus, Alexander the Great, and Herod the Great—while exploring archaeology, religion, law, warfare, trade, languages, and everyday life. The work emphasizes the distinction between biblical tradition, archaeological evidence, later legends, and modern scholarly interpretation, inviting readers to understand Scripture within the historical and cultural environment in which its traditions developed.