Ranging from moral philosophy to industrial reform, this book challenges the habit of treating society as a machine that can be fixed by harder work alone. Tawney argues that historical crises demand a reexamination of the principles beneath institutions, exposing how England's preference for practicality over reflection left property, class power, and contract largely untouched even as industrial society transformed public life. He contrasts this with the more revolutionary force of French ideas of rights, then shows how English Utilitarianism softened liberty into expediency while preserving the sanctity of private ownership. From that critique, Tawney builds a radical but selective program of reconstruction. He insists that industry exists for service, not private gain, and that a just economy must be organized around function, accountability, and social purpose. Property that produces without serving—especially urban landownership, mineral royalties, and absentee wealth—is condemned as unearned privilege, while productive ownership is distinguished from parasitic claims. Tawney envisions a distributive state, stronger taxation and public reclamation of land, and an industrial order where rights are balanced by duties and economic power answers to the common good. This edition has been fully restored with modern typesetting, custom cover design.